Amazon Web Services (AWS) deployed a new data center networking architecture called Resilient Network Graphs (RNG). This quasi-random flat topology replaces the traditional hierarchical fat-tree structure. The system is now the default for most AWS workloads to create more direct data paths between servers.
Surging demand for artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads drove this architectural shift. The flat mesh design moves data approximately one-third faster than the previous structure.
The RNG architecture reduces infrastructure costs by 9% to 45%. It achieves these savings by using fewer switches and less cabling. The design also lowers energy consumption required for cooling.