Emil Michael, a top Pentagon official, said the U.S. government will use measures including export controls against artificial intelligence firms that do not cooperate. In an interview, Michael said the administration has multiple tools to secure cooperation, from restricting technology exports to limiting use by foreign nationals.

The statement signals a more assertive government approach to national security collaboration with leading AI developers. Michael, the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering and a member of a White House AI task force, is helping develop protocols for AI labs to report security breaches and other issues to the government.

The warning comes amid a history of friction between the Pentagon and some AI companies over military use of their technology.